A Political Participation Typologies and Digital Media Access: A Cluster Analysis of Urban-Periurban Voters in Bogor, Indonesia
Tipologi dan Segmentasi Partisipasi Politik Berdasarkan Akses Media Informasi Digital di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor
Keywords:
Digital Media Information Access, Political Participation, Typology, K-Means Clustering, Digital Divide, BogorAbstract
The digital transformation in Indonesia has led to a paradox in which rapid internet penetration has not proportionally increased political participation, particularly at the local level. Bogor City and Bogor Regency, with West Java internet penetration reaching 82.73% in 2024, represent an ideal urban-periurban laboratory to examine this phenomenon. This study aims to (1) analyze the influence of digital media information access on political participation, (2) compare digital media access and political participation between Bogor City and Bogor Regency, and (3) identify political participation typologies based on digital media information access. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 404 respondents registered in the 2024 Regional Election Permanent Voter List. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression, Spearman's Rho correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and K-Means Clustering. Results indicate that digital media information access has a positive and significant effect on political participation (B = 0.349; F = 55.605; Sig. < 0.001; R² = 12.2%), with a weak-to-moderate correlation (r = 0.320). No significant differences were found between Bogor City and Bogor Regency in either digital media access (Sig. = 0.840) or political participation (Sig. = 0.321). K-Means Clustering identified three distinct typologies: Active Participants (high access, high participation), Moderate Participants (medium access, medium participation), and Passive Participants (low access, low participation). These findings confirm the multi-level digital divide framework and the participation typology, revealing that access intensity rather than geography is the primary determinant of civic engagement patterns.
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